Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, Tocris Bioscience™

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is an extensively used phorbol ester high affinity activator of protein kinase C (Ki = 2.6 nM as measured by displacement of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in rat cortex synaptosomal membranes). It binds to the C1a and C1b domains of PKC inducing membrane translocation of PKC. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate activates the PKC isoforms PKCα, -β, -γ, -δ, -ε, -η, and -θ but not PKCζ or -ι/λ. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a tumor promoter. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can also induce differentiation of THP-1 monocytes to a macrophage phenotype in vitro.